IS: 4410(Put XV/See 3) .1917

Indian Standard (Reaffirmed 2001 )
GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS
PART XV CANAL STRUCTURES .
Section 3 Flume.
( First Reprint OCTOBER 1991 )

UDC

001.4:627.81:626.861

@ Copyright 1977

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG Iff!fIN DEUfI 1100l1l

Gr1

JUIU

1977

IS : 4410 ( Part XV 1 Sec 3 ) .1911

Indian Standard
GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS
PART XV CANAL STRUCTURES
Section 3 Flumes
Terminology Relating to River Valley Projects Sectional Committee, BDe 46
Chqimum
SliRJ

ReftrlSDllin,

I. p.

KAPILA

Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh Beas Design Organization (Ministry oflrrigation & Power). Nangal Township IrriJ:ation & Power Department, Government of Maharasbtra, Bombay
(AltmuJle)

SHBJ

MnnbwJ B. S. BHALLA

CHJD' ENOINBER
SHRJ V. S. GUPTI: ENGINEEr. ( D)

CHID

Irrigation Department, Government of Punjab, Chan«.\igarh . Public Works Department, Government of Andbra Pradesh, Hyderabad

DmB(:TOa ( W. R ) (Altmtale )
CDJID' ENGINEER

SUPlllUNTlINlHNO EN 0 J NEil: n

( All'TfI4Ie )
CBIID' ENOlNBBa

.

Public Wm'b Department, Tamil Nadu, Madral
EN
0 J 11 EBB

Government

of

SUPEIllNTIlNDJNO

( AllnJl4l, )
SDRI

S. M. DEB

DBl'UTY SURVBYOR G~ERAL I

Irrigation and Water Works Department, Government of Weat Bengal, CalcutIa Survey oCIndia,Dehra Dun Irrigation Department, Government of Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal

l>B:PuTY DIlUl:C'rOB (T & P}

( AllnJl4ll )
DJREC'rO:R ( CDO ) DJ:RBOTOB(IRaJOATJON
RdJUReR } (AllnJl4ll)

( wlIlinwd all pa" 2 }

@

C¥Jri,,,, 1977

: . ....,

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS Thia publicatioo il protected under the ~lIua Cef1.1ri,1a ..t&I (XIV of 1957) and reproductinn in whole «in part by lUIy meana esccpt with wrint:n permiuioD of the
pllbwher .hall be deemed to be
IUl

balHngemellt of copyrigbt under the laid Act .

IS 14410 (Part XV/Sec 3 )-1977
( C.ntinutd [rom page 1 )

Members
DIR F:l:TOR ( HYDROLOGY)

. SIlIU

N.

K . DWIVEOI

DR R. C. Hoox
JOINT COlllMISSIONEB ( S. C) SURI G. PANT SURI R . P. SINon ( AllenuJte)
SHSI

ReprUlfllUlI Central Water Coaunwion, New Delbi Irrigation Department, Government of Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow In personal capacity (M 18, NIW Dtlhi &.til EzttnsiDn, Pa,' II, NfUJ Delhi 11(}(H9 ) Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation, New Delbi Geological Survey of India, Calcutta
Irrigation lit Power Department, Government of Orissa, Bhubaneshwar Indian Institute ofTechnologv, New Delhi UniversitY of Roorkee, Roorkee Director General, 1St ( &-tJjJimJ Mm.)
S«rttaries

R. K. SARU

DR P. P. SEHGAL SUItI D. A.JITBA SIMBA, Director ( Civ Engg) .

PROF S.~RAN.Jl'l' SINGH

G. R.uuN Deputy Director (Civ Engg) , lSI
SURI

SHIn V. KALYAIU8UND.uLUI Assistant Director ( Civ Engg ), lSI

Panel for Glossary of Terms Relating to Canal Structures, BDC 46: PI
CDrwmu
SIlRI

V. K. JOSHI
·Members G . SBTRUBAIUN (

Central Water Commission. New Delhi

SIlKI

Shri V. K. Joebi) Cs.utr

AI,,,,..,, to
Public Worb Department, Government of Tamil Nadu,Madru Irrigatioa Department, Government of Punjab. Chandigarh

ENGINUR ( IRRIGATION)

SIINIOB DEPUTY CmD ENGmEIm ( IRRIGATION) (Al'"",,,)

SOl

B. N. GUPTA

111441' (Put XV/lee 3 ). 1m

Indian Standard
GLOSSARY OF TERMS RELATING TO RIVER VALLEY PROJECTS
PART XV CANAL STRUCTURES
Section 3 Flum..

o.

FOREWORD

8.1 This Indian Standard (Part XV/Sec 3) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 31 March 1977, after the draft finalized by the Terminology Relating to River Valley Projects Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council. 0.2 A number of Indian Standards have been published coveJjng various aspects of river valley projects and a large number of similar standards are in the process of formulation. These standards include technical terms, the precise definitions of which are required to avoid ambiguity in their interpretation. To achieve this end, the Institution is bringing out IS: 4410 · Glossary of terms relating to river valley projects' which is being published in parts. This part contains definitions of terms relating to flumes. 03 This part (Part XV) covers the important field of canal structures and in view of the vastness of this subject, this is being covered in different sec6ons. Other sections in the series will be the following: Section I General terms Section 2 Transitions Section 4- Regulating works Section 5 Cross drainage works Section 6 Other structures been given to co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in ~c:rent countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this ~try. This has been met by deriving assistance from the following publications:
~ter:national

!W In ~e form~on .of this standard due: weightage has

United Nations. Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East. GJOlISary of hydrologic terms used in Asia and the Far East. 1956.

3

IS. 4410 (Part XV/Sec 3).tm
India. International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage. Multilingual technical dictionary on irrigation and drainage. 1967. India. Central Board of Irrigation and Power. Glossary of irrigation and hydro-electric terms and standard notations used in India. 1954· .Manager of Publications. Delhi. ASCE. American Society of Civil Engineers. Nomenclature for hydraulics. 1962. New York. 0.... 1 AU the definitions taken from ·Multilingual technical dictionary on irrigation and drainage' are marked with asterisk ( · ) in the standard. 1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard (Part XV/Sec 3) covers the definitions of the terms
relating to flumes.

2. FLUMES 2.1 Beach - A step cut into a hillside to support bench flumes. 2.2 Bench Flame- - A flume supported on a shelf or a bench, cut in a
hillside or built around mountain slopes or set on ground. 2.3 Bos Flume- - A flume of rectangular cross section. 2.4 Catenary Flame - A suspended Burne with cross section conforming to a hydrostatic catenary. 2.S Control Flume or Critical Depth FJDlDe - A flume containing a constriction which causes the flow to change from sub-critical to super-critical and in which the measurement of one water level, the upstream one, facilitates calculation of the discharge (see Fig. I ).

~~~ZZZIZZZZ1ZI}
FlO.

~EL

I

STANDING WAVB FLUME

4

1S.....I0 (Part XV/Sec 3) .1977
2.6 Coatrol Secdoa - The section orreacb of. flume- (or open conduit or stream channel) at which the water level is a stable index of the discharge. 2.7 Elevated FIUID.- - A flume built and supported above ground or depressions on trestles, pieri or piles. 1.8 FlUIDe - A complete and independently supported. artificially constricted waterway used to carry water across depressions or over difficult terrain, or when other reasons make the construction of a normal conveyance channel or conduit impractical or uneconomical. Flumes are sometimes constructed for measurement of flow. 2.9 Flamed S ~ · a) A hydraulic structure built in a stream or a channel with contracted waterway, for example, a flumed bridge, flumed fall, or Burned aqueduct. b) A hydraulic structure with contracted width or waterway for measurement of discharge flowing in channels. c) An artificial water channel in a laboratory used for model tests.
2.10 FlamiAg- The purposeful reduction of waterway of a channel below the normal either by a flume or a flumed structure.

2.11 FlamiDI Rado· - The ratio of the clear waterway at the throat of a flume or #Iumed structure to the normal channel width (see Fig. 2) .

B

i} Lined

ftuming ratio

=

B+ nO

_~t.... ._

ii) Unlined Buming ratio = -~ .Ii+nD

Flc.2

Ft.UMINO RATtO FOR LINED AND

U~UHED

CANALS

5

1I

1.(

XV'. . 3).tm

2.12 W. 0Mab ......... -A replaIar uvial for .. coa&rol section a ftumcd weir.
2.13
ing run-oft' from mW1 water-abedJ.

s........-

A preca1ibrated Sow meuuriDc device, UIed {or

IDeMW'-

at aU pointa proportional to the diataace below the horizoDtalline,joiniDf ita aupportL The abape which a ftume teDdI to .-ume whea canyiaj

2.14 B~cadc ea....r,. I.f. ria _ . . . . . . -1"he cane auumed by a noa-esterllibJe but 8e:aible cord when IUbject to a DanDa1 bel

water. 2.15 _

2.16 y An' improved type of PanhaU ftume, which eliminates the sho" rise at the end ot.he dip below the throat aDd provides a stilling pool (or the hydraulic jump at the required place. An improved veaturi ftume tID meuure the Row o( water in open conduita. lt conailu aamtiaUy of a contracting length, a throat and an expanding length.

,,_e-

n-.-&. u.

2'.11 PanIIaIJ

II......... .....-

2.11 aapW Flow Flame - A meter flume in which the rate of Row is propornona! to the square-root of the head in the upstream leCtion. Venturi flume under the super-critical flow conditioDi is one of iu typea. 2.19 Rapid Flow Veatari FllUlle - S" 2.11. 2.20

aatiaa Flame - S" 2.5.

2.21 StaacUaS Wave Flame - Sit 2.5. 2.22 Stave - Each of the narrow Itrips of wood or metal platet, placed longitudinally edge to edge, to form the periphery of a flume.

2.23 Top Tie - A bar at the top of a flume section and shaped near the ends in order to hold the edges of the flume in position. 2.24 Traaqail Flow Fl1lllle - A meter flume in which the rate of flow is proportional to the square-root of the difference between the upstream head and throat depth. Venturi flume under the sub-critical flow conditioDi is one ofits types. 2.25 TraaqaiJ Flow Veatarl FI1UIle- S" 2.24.
2.26 Trestle Flame - A flume constructed on trestles.

6

IS I 4410 ( Part XV/Sec 3). J.fJT1
'1.27 VeDt1ll'i Flame- A Bume containing a constriction which, in subcritical flow, causes an increase in velocity and consequent fall in water level; the measurement of the water levels at the constriction and upstream of it facilitates calculation of the discharge ( III Fig. 3 ).

2028 Yo'" - Frames of rods and top-ties in a wooden stave Bume, spaced at suitable intervals to keep the flume section in position.

Flo.

S

VENTURI FLUME

7

BUREAU
Headquaners:

OF 'NDIAN

STANDARDS

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